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Text File | 1994-11-12 | 19KB | 570 lines

Notes {labels: 'NIL, viewFont: 10241} // nil=Unfiled, or specify a folder, e.g., 'Business. remove viewFont for current Styles default //ERASE! remove initial // to erase existing entries in this folder first life.nwt -- Slurpee format 11/12/94 Copyright 1994 S. Weyer. All Rights Reserved Worldwide. Keywords: Life, cellular automata, mathematical simulation, Conway This Newt source version of "the game of Life" and associated NTK packages are freeware and may be distributed freely as long as the files "life.nwt" is included and unmodified. You are free to make modifications for your own use. Contents: - life-12.pkg -- general implementation (Life 1.2) - life-12b.pkg -- a more optimized (bitmap-based) version (Life 1.2B) - life.nwt -- Newt source for Life 1.2 [this file] (Mac format text file in .sit/.hqx archives; DOS text in .zip archive) ---------- Development and "Newt" If you would like to construct and modify Life directly on your Newton, obtain the latest version of "Newt" (newt-devenv-24), the native Newton development environment (shareware), and "Slurpee" (slurpee-12) a text/data transfer utility (freeware) from your favorite Newton server/archive (internet (uiowa, amug,...), AOL, Compuserve, eWorld). See "Develop" and "Author" help pages. Contact me if you have trouble finding Newt, using it initially, or have questions about registering it. (An interesting note: I developed these versions first using Newt, then created the NTK versions). Registered Newt users receive an introductory manual and floppy of several dozen examples, including several versions of Life: - life.nwt (source for Life 1.2) [same as this file] - lifeb1.nwt (source for Life 1.2B) - lifeb0.nwt (an early, more readable but much slower version of Life 1.2B) ---------- Revision History: Life 1.2B (11/12/94) - provides scrub gesture for clear - allows grid size to be selected by user - uses all visible cells (1.2 does not use first&last row&col) - generates faster (1.5 - 3.5x Life 1.2) and allows larger grids by using a bitmap data structure for storage and drawing Life 1.2 (11/12/94) - modifies symbol names/program structure to be more consistent with 1.2B - fixes button highlighting glitch (sibling order) Life 1.1 (10/15/94) - uses 0/1 for cell values rather than nil/true - allows patterns to be selected/added - adds a grid (when stopped) Life 1.0 (9/18/94) - adds a "Clear" and "Next" button - adds a generation counter. - adds a "Repeat" button -- which invokes "Next" in the background until you tap "Stop" (or all cells are empty) - adds an "Info" button and help book - avoids allocating/examining empty rows/columns where possible to improve speed drawing and generating Life "0.1" (3/94) - see "Life with NewtonScript" by David Betz in Byte, March 1994, pp. 191-194. This article provided inspiration, an initial framework and a few main methods. These versions are quite usable for small patterns, but not blindingly fast for more sparse or spreadout patterns (though Life 1.2B handles larger/sparser patterns better) -- the emphasis is on the complete application and learning programming. Possible future enhancements: - allow patterns to be saved in/retrieved from a soup - save preferences for grid size, etc. - recompile "nextGeneration" method with NTK RISC compiler when available If you would like to encourage me to develop and distribute this and other examples, I encourage you to register Newt (kind words also appreciated). ---------- Using Life Tap the info button to access the built-in help book. Some classic patterns to try (some in pattern picker): OOO (blinker -- flips) O O (glider -- moves down&left 1 in 4 steps) OOO OO OO (block -- stable) OO O O (beehive -- stable) OO OOOOO (turns into "traffic lights" (4 blinkers) in 9 steps) OOOOOOO (turns into "honey farm" (4 beehives) ...) OOOOOOOOO (double traffic lights...) ---------- Transferring and Building Life Use your favorite transfer mechanism to move the text from your desktop system to the Newton Notepad. This file is formatted to be used most easily with Slurpee. ----- delimits separate notes. To save on Notepad space, you may wish to make a copy of this file, and delete these comment paragraphs upto ----- preceding "Life" definition. To build the Life application, install Newt (2.4 is the latest version at time of this release). (If you would like to save the application to run it standalone later, also install the matching version of RUNewt, e.g., 2.4). Start Newt, select the folder at top where you stored the source. Tap Expr, select :doObj('build,'Life), tap Eval Some simple modifications you might try: - change sizeX to a smaller or larger number - change MakeOval to MakeRect in viewDrawScript - add other patterns in patternPicker.patterns array (and names in labelCommands) - add other pages to the helpbook - change the rules (countNeighbors, nextGeneration) If you would like to run the Life application later without having to recompile the sources in Newt, and you have RUNewt installed, tap the Save button (in Eval Controls) when Life is open. Note1: Although you can distribute Newt-generated apps to other Newtons via beaming or email(eWorld/NewtonMail), there is currently no mechanism for making these apps into external "package files" -- thus, I have included an NTK-package version (Life-12.pkg) for those who would like to try Life without building it; I also have included Life-12b.pkg since the source for that newer, faster version is available only to registered users. Note2: there is currently a bug in using help books in RUNewt (2.4) apps. ---------- Objects: Life -- the application (floating view) [split into several sections to make editing on Newton more manageable] LifeDraw -- an embedded view to handle drawing titleObj -- title at top of Life view status -- status bar at bottom of Life view clearButton, nextButton, repeatButton, zinfoButton -- embedded in status patternPicker -- picker for selecting patterns numGen -- generation counter helpBook -- help book data structure helpView -- dynamic "Tiny Tim" help reader view ---------- Life //:doObj('build, 'Life) {// the main Life application viewClass: 'clView, viewBounds: NIL, // computed in viewSetupFormScript viewFlags: 5, // vVisible + vApplication viewFormat: 337, // vfFillWhite + vfFrameBlack + vfPen*1, declareSelf: 'base, // for close box title: "Life", // SET THIS sizeX: 16, // width of universe (in editable cells). (does not include 1st & last empty cols) // these are computed from sizeX in viewSetupFormScript sizeY: NIL, // height of universe cellSize: NIL, // diameter of a cell vSizeX: NIL, // width of LifeDraw vSizeY: NIL, // height of LifeDraw firstRow: NIL, // to avoid dead rows above lastRow: NIL, // to avoid dead rows below firstCol: NIL, // ditto for columns lastCol: NIL, universe: NIL, // universe array of arrays (created by makeUniverse) pattern: NIL, // defaults to dot. set by patternPicker nGen: 0, // number of generations (clear =0, nextGeneration +1) kDrawTop: 20, // extra space above LifeDraw kDrawBot: 35, // below kMaxAppWidth: 240, makeUniverse: func() Array(sizeY + 2, NIL), // leave rows NIL until needed viewSetupFormScript: func() begin self.Life := self; // for later standalone access local ht, ap:= GetAppParams(); // configure to current MP screen size self.viewBounds := RelBounds( ap.AppAreaLeft,ap.AppAreaTop, MIN(ap.AppAreaWidth, kMaxAppWidth), ht := MIN(ap.AppAreaHeight,336)); cellSize := kMaxAppWidth DIV (sizeX+2); sizeY := ((ht - kDrawTop - kDrawBot) DIV cellSize) - 2; vSizeX := cellSize*(sizeX+2); vSizeY := cellSize*(sizeY+2); universe := :makeUniverse(); firstRow := lastRow := firstCol := lastCol := NIL; end, } ---------- Life.idleStuff~ {//some additional Life methods/slots related to idling ("Repeat") viewIdleScript: func() if not stopped then begin :nextGeneration(); // generate if firstRow then delayMSecs // reschedule else begin // empty universe SetValue(status.repeatButton, 'text, "Repeat"); stopped := TRUE; NIL // turn off idling by returning nil end; end, delayMsecs: 40, // allow enough milliseconds in between for taps stopped: TRUE, } ---------- Life.lifeStuff~ {// some additional Life methods, specific to Life makeRow: func() Array(sizeX + 2, 0), // initial values 0 (rather than NIL) clear: func() begin universe := :makeUniverse(); firstRow := lastRow := firstCol := lastCol := NIL; // all empty LifeDraw:Dirty(); // redraw next idle via viewDrawScript nGen := 0; SetValue(numGen,'text,"Gen: 0"); end, countNeighbors: func(x,y,occ) begin // count number of nearby (8) cells that are filled local yy, row, cnt := -occ; // don't count center cell for yy := y-1 to y+1 do if row := universe[yy] then cnt := cnt + row[x-1]+row[x]+row[x+1]; //for xx := x-1 to x+1 do if row[xx] then cnt := cnt+1; cnt; end, } ---------- Life.nextGeneration func() // a separate entry for editing if firstRow // if no cells occupied, nothing to generate then begin local newUniverse := :makeUniverse(); // new empty universe local x, y, row, occupied, newRow, neighbors, newFirstRow, newLastRow; local newLastCol := fcol := max(firstCol-1,1); local newFirstCol := lcol := min(lastCol+1,sizeX), frx, lrx; for y := max(firstRow-1,1) to min(lastRow+1,sizeY) // skip some dead rows before/after active area do begin newRow := frx := lrx := NIL; row := universe[y]; for x := fcol to lcol // skip some dead columns before/after active area do begin occupied := if row then row[x] else 0; neighbors := :countNeighbors(x,y,occupied); if neighbors=3 or (occupied>0 and neighbors=2) then begin if not newRow // create a new row? then newRow := :makeRow(); newRow[x] := 1; newLastRow := y; if not frx then frx := x; lrx := x; end; end; if not newFirstRow then newFirstRow := newLastRow; newUniverse[y] := newRow; if frx then newFirstCol := min(newFirstCol,frx); if lrx then newLastCol := max(newLastCol, lrx); end; universe := newUniverse; firstRow := newFirstRow; lastRow := newLastRow; firstCol := newFirstCol; lastCol := newLastCol; LifeDraw:Dirty(); SetValue(numGen, 'text, "Gen:" && (nGen := nGen+1)); end ---------- Life+LifeDraw {// a drawing area (stepchild of Life) viewClass: 'clView, viewFlags: 513, // vVisible + vClickable viewJustify: 16, // vjParentCenterH + vjParentTopV viewFormat: 337, // vfFillWhite + vfFrameBlack + vfPen*1, viewSetupFormScript: func() self.viewBounds := RelBounds(0,kDrawTop,vSizeX,vSizeY), viewDrawScript: func() begin local x, y, row, drawMode, y1, y2; if stopped then begin // add grid lines drawMode := '{ // for lines penSize: 1, penPattern: 3, // vfGray }; for y := cellSize to vSizeY-cellSize by cellSize do :DrawShape(MakeLine(0,y,vSizeX,y), drawMode); for x := cellSize to vSizeX-cellSize by cellSize do :DrawShape(MakeLine(x,0,x,vSizeY), drawMode); end; drawMode := '{ // for ovals transferMode: 0, // modeCopy fillPattern: 5, // vfFillBlack }; if firstRow then for y := firstRow to lastRow do if row := universe[y] then begin y1 := y*cellSize; y2 := y1+cellSize; // constant for row for x := firstCol to lastCol do if row[x]>0 then :DrawShape( MakeOval(x*cellSize,y1,(x+1)*cellSize,y2), drawMode); end; end, } ---------- Life.LifeDraw.viewClickScript func(unit) // a separate entry for editing begin local gb := :GlobalBox(), row, y; local ylen := if pattern then length(pattern) else 0, xlen, rlen; // convert to local, grid coordinates local clickX := x2 := (GetPoint(0, unit) - gb.left) div cellSize; // 0=firstX local clickY := y2 := (GetPoint(1, unit) - gb.top) div cellSize; // 1=firstY if clickX >=1 and clickX <= sizeX and clickY >=1 and clickY <= sizeY then begin if ylen>0 then begin // copy patterns if y2+ylen > sizeY then ylen := sizeY - y2 + 1; // clip pattern at bottom y2 := y2 + ylen - 1; xlen := length(pattern[0]); // note: uses length of first row as max width of pattern if x2+xlen > sizeX then xlen := sizeX - x2 + 1; // clip pattern at right x2 := x2 + xlen - 1; for y := 0 to ylen-1 do begin rlen := min(length(pattern[y]),xlen); // len of current row in pattern if not (row := universe[clickY + y]) // create row if necessary then universe[clickY+y] := row := :makeRow(); ArrayMunger(row,clickX,rlen,pattern[y],0,rlen); // copy row end; end else // add a dot if row := universe[clickY] // row exists? then row[clickX] := 1 - row[clickX] // toggle dot in existing row else begin // add to new row universe[clickY] := row := :makeRow(); // wasn't allocated yet row[clickX] := 1; end; // expand live area firstRow := if firstRow then min(firstRow,clickY) else clickY; lastRow := if lastRow then max(lastRow,y2) else y2; firstCol := if firstCol then min(firstCol,clickX) else clickX; lastCol := if lastCol then max(lastCol,x2) else x2; end; :Dirty(); // returns true end ---------- Life+titleObj {// title at top (uses Life.title) _proto: 'protoTitle, } ---------- ButtonBounds func(width) // used for adding embedded buttons to status // this is defined as a Newt development-time method // once the buttons are initialized and added to status, // it really isn't needed anymore and isn't saved with the app begin local left1:=25, top:=2, spacing:=6, bottom:=15; if width > 0 then SetBounds(spacing, top, spacing + width, bottom) // other buttons else SetBounds(left1, top, left1 - width, bottom); // first button end ---------- Life+status {//status bar with clock and closebox _proto: 'protoStatus, } ---------- Life.status+clearButton {_proto: 'protoTextButton, viewBounds: :ButtonBounds(-40), // first button (stepchild) in status area text: "Clear", buttonClickScript: func() :clear(), } ---------- Life.status+nextButton {_proto: 'protoTextButton, viewBounds: :ButtonBounds(40), // second button viewJustify: 8389638, // vjParentLeftH + vjParentTopV + vjSiblingRightH + oneLineOnly + vjCenterH + vjCenterV, text: "Next", buttonClickScript: func() :nextGeneration(), } ---------- Life.status+repeatButton {_proto: 'protoTextButton, viewBounds: :ButtonBounds(40), // third button viewJustify: 8389638, text: "Repeat", buttonClickScript: func() if firstRow then if stopped then begin Life:setupIdle(delayMsecs); // start background process stopped := NIL; SetValue(self,'text,"Stop"); end else begin Life:setupIdle(0); // halt background process stopped := TRUE; SetValue(self,'text,"Repeat"); LifeDraw:Dirty(); // redraw to make grid visible end, } ---------- Life+patternPicker {//a picker for pre-built patterns _proto: 'protoLabelPicker, viewBounds: RelBounds(2, -32, 140, 16), viewJustify: 8388736, // vjLeftH + vjParentBottomV + oneLineOnly, patterns: [// order matches names in labelCommands NIL, // none=dot NIL, // menu separator line -------- [[0,1,0,], // glider (note: 1st line of pattern should be max width (pad right with 0s if nec) [1,], // subsequent rows can omit trailing 0s [1,1,1,]], [[1,1,1,]], // blinker [[1,1], // block [1,1]], [[0,1,1,0,], // beehive [1,0,0,1,], [0,1,1,]], ], labelCommands: ["<dot>",'pickSeparator, "glider", "blinker", "block", "beehive",], labelActionScript: func(i) pattern := patterns[i], // for use in viewClickScript textSetup: func() // name of current pattern labelCommands[ArrayPos(patterns,pattern,0,nil)], } ---------- Life+numGen {// a generation counter _proto: 'protoStaticText, viewBounds: RelBounds(180,-32,50,16), // centered, just above status bar viewJustify: 8388736, // vjLeftH + vjParentBottomV + oneLineOnly text: "Gen: 0", } ---------- Life.helpStuff~ {// additional Life methods to support help book helpBook: deepclone(helpBookTemplate), // copy from Newt helpView: NIL, openHelp: func() if helpBook then begin if not helpView then helpView := BuildContext( {_proto: GetRoot().TinyTim._proto, bookRef: helpBook}); GetRoot().TinyTim:Close(); // in case system help is open helpView:openManual(helpBook); end, viewQuitScript: func() begin if helpView then helpView:close(); helpView := NIL; end, } ---------- Life.status+zinfoButton {_proto: 'protoTextButton, viewBounds: :ButtonBounds(40), // fourth button (zinfo sorts 4th) viewJustify: 8389638, text: "Info", buttonClickScript: func() :openHelp(), // open help book } ---------- Life.helpBook+page1 .# first help book page .subject 1 Describe Life .story Life is a mathematical game by John Conway described originally in Scientific American in Oct. 1970. Cells in the current generation are examined simultaneously in order to create the next generation using the following rules: - Survival: A cell with 2 or 3 neighbors survives. - Death: A cell with 1 or less, or 4 or more neighbors, "dies". - Birth: An empty cell with exactly 3 neighbors will be "born". ---------- Life.helpBook+page2 .subject 1 Understand the Code .story This version of Life adds objects, methods and optimizations to an implementation discussed in "Life with NewtonScript" by David Betz in Byte, March 1994, pp. 191-194. As a precursor/alternative to buying APDA's Newton ToolKit (NTK), you could register for Newt (see Develop) to obtain a manual and more NewtonScript application examples. ---------- Life.helpBook+page3 .subject 1 Distribute .story This version of Life is freeware and may be distributed freely as long as the file "life.nwt" is included and unmodified. You are free to make modifications for your own use. Copyright 1994 S. Weyer. All Rights Reserved Worldwide. ---------- Life.helpBook+page4 .subject 1 Use .story \uFC01\u pattern -- select a pattern <tap> in cell area to add a pattern, or add/remove individual cells Clear -- clear all cells, reset gen. counter Next -- evolve a single generation Repeat -- evolve until all cells are empty or you tap Stop Info -- open this help book ---------- Life.helpBook+page5 .subject 1 Develop .story If you are interested in object-oriented programming in NewtonScript, developing applications on your Newton, or graphical (turtle) environments, try my shareware shareware development environment "Newt" (newt-devenv-24.sit/.zip/.hqx on uiowa, amug, AOL, eWorld; newt24.sit/.zip on CIS). Registered users receive a manual and a floppy of several dozen examples including Life (several versions). ---------- Life.helpBook+page6 .subject 1 Contact Author .story Stephen Weyer 17 Timber Knoll Drive Washington Crossing, PA 18977-1052 Internet: weyer@guest.apple.com America Online, eWorld, NewtonMail: SteveWeyer Compuserve: 74603,2051 AppleLink: WEYER.S ---------- BYE!